With the body being the main channel for sensory interactions, Malinverni and Burguès [1] linked the usage of the full body during games to children’s higher cooperative behavior. Through gamification, the application of game elements to other activities, educators can utilize the self-motivational aspects of games to encourage children’s positive social behavior. If, for example, we consider a more longitudinal relationship of group games in children’s behavior, some of the elements considered negative for ice-breaking challenges, such as conflicts and frustrations with the difficulty, can be considered as natural important elements which should not be strictly avoided. For the group challenge, participants had to design an invention to facilitate communicate among children. Results of this study mostly indicated that children who played the game were more motivated with the design task, associating an energizing effect of group games on subsequent activities. Although society has been changing drastically, the basic structure of playgrounds has remained almost the same since 1920 [11], and traditional play tools today are not enticing the modern children as they used to. How? Carefully considering these matters will help to ensure that group game sessions are successful in building group trust with children while motivating them for the following tasks. It is important to mention that many unpredicted factors can happen when working with children in natural playful situations. Common topics of interaction design include design, human–computer interaction, and software development. ... One thing that people like about an elearning course is when it contains various interaction points. However, since the 1990s, the rise of electronic technology together with the digital video game industry has reconfigured the general ideas of what a toy could be. Regarding the complexity and time, another observation is that the interactive blocks were of high complexity and required children’s extended attention. Playground environments provide an important role as “design for interactions,” fostering social relationships through play activities. In other words, when interacting with traditional toys, such as a football, the user receives an instant sensory feedback which might motivate them to keep playing. We aim to contribute to the establishment of guidelines for the development of new designs for interactions. A fatigue effect might have happened from the game, reducing children’s focus on the design task. The existence of toys can date as old as 3.000 BCE, but it was only through the rise of the industrial age that they became widely available for children at a global scale. Here an interactive designer might partner with a senior UX designer to start creating experience maps your interaction designer must be fully aware of your target audience. Built by scientists, for scientists. Interactive Design vs. Design for Interaction: Developing Interactive Play Tools that Promote Interactions between Children, Interactive Multimedia - Multimedia Production and Digital Storytelling, Dragan Cvetković, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.84328. A point of caution is that a higher physiological arousal through interactive technology can also be associated with increases in user stress level [14]. The field of interactive design is populated with graphic designers, user-interaction designers, front end programmers, back end programmers, analysts, web developers and information architects. Put simply, interaction design is the design that facilitates interactions between users and digital products such as websites and apps. Also, groups who established their roles without playing the game indicated better work dynamics. Known as play tools, toys have an important role as facilitators of children’s growth and learning [3]. By knowing about user’s behaviors, interaction designer have to make the product usable, effective and pleasant. How do children interact with each other and how can interactive technology contribute? defined the following guidelines which designers can take when designing interactive playgrounds. Since interactive design is an extension of graphic design, an interactive designer is well versed in the fundamentals of graphic design. And while the applications and platforms you work on may vary greatly from client to client, user-centered design techniques can help you accomplish this central goal on nearly any kind of project. The set was composed of circuit blocks that could be connected to activate different responses. Login to your personal dashboard for more detailed statistics on your publications. Comparisons were established between these games. https://www.valuecolleges.com/rankings/best-interaction-design-programs While recommendations for group design tasks with children support the establishment of defined roles for better group work [21], this establishment indicated to be immature in the game sessions. They have to understand the target users and their expectations, also the interaction behaviors between the users and product. When comparing with game session 1, both sessions 2 and 3 presented modifications which indicated to positively affect group behavior and task engagement. Considering Table 1, we assume that the interactive dance game is possibly the best task motivator among the utilized games. It is important to say that each interaction can generate different outcomes for the parties involved and that these outcomes can affect further interactions. The interaction between children with others is potentially more important to their social development than the interactions they can have with different toys. This extended exposure has been linked with different changes in children’s behaviors. Three group conditions were formed: (1) easy game group, who played an easier version requiring simplified block combinations (e.g., activating a light block); (2) difficult game challenge, who played a version requiring more complex block activations (e.g., assembling a movable robot), and (3) no game group, who did not play the group game before performing the subsequent group task. Interactive designers tend to think of the web as a series of branded moments that occur through a series of frames that a user clicks through. Considering that wide range, there is no current fixed limitation in the interactive toys’ category. 2 minute read. These will be followed by a series of studies of children’s social interactions when under the influence of different game conditions. This context led to a series of new play tool proposal called “interactive” or “smart” toys. This program is offered as a two and half years Master of Design program in interaction design. Moreover, the interaction with different technologies also affects children’s social play interactions, which should be considered in the design of toy. Rather than analyzing how things are, interaction design synthesizes and imagines things as they could be. Instead, some identified social game elements indicated to have stronger effects. In this chapter, we are going to introduce two concepts that are currently present in the development of play tools for children: (1) interactive design, represented by toys that can integrate interactive sensors and actuators to promote new play possibilities, and (2) design for interaction, a new tendency focused on how children interact with each other and how new designs can contribute to these interactions. The cooperative task of this study was simplified and focused on children’s social behavior. The main considerations which led to this assumption were the game simplicity and the displayed engagement during game sessions. A small description of each game session and the obtained results will be given. Participants who played the full body game version achieved higher scores in the game, displayed better teamwork, and reported better impressions of their group members after the activity. We proceeded by introducing selected case studies which were designed to observe children’s group behavior and task engagement after playing different ice-breaking group games. Contact our London head office or media team here. Therefore, the main challenge for designing interactive play tools lies in researchers successfully identifying children’s dynamic interaction patterns together with designers and engineers successfully developing new technologies and artifacts to support these interactions. 4. Users interact with the toy and the given mechanical feedback perpetuates different interactions. It is important to note that both traditional and interactive toys can provide the same amount of play interactions, but the interaction of smart toys can be detected or encouraged with the applied technology. John Kolko, Author of Thoughts on Interaction Design, gives the following definition to interaction design: “Interaction Design is the creation of a dialogue between a person and a product, system, or service. Considering that, a parallel view entitled “Design for Interaction” is rising by prioritizing children’s social relationships. We went to design agencies in Toronto and wanted to know how they defined interaction design. Although physically demanding, dancing is a simple group activity which does not require children to overthink situations and which can help with their movement synchronization. It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. Participants had 10 minutes to sketch initial ideas and would then have a one-week deadline to submit their designs to the competition. Overall, the main evaluations after playing or not variations of the group games were: (1) how difficult or pleasurable participants perceived the cooperative task to be; (2) how satisfied participants were with their group member and how mindful they were of each member feeling, and how well they executed the subsequent task at individual and group level (objective criteria were established). Human Computer Interaction (HCI) is a subset of Interaction Design. provide different feedbacks to the users. Under these guidelines, technology is not the main aspect of “interactive toys” and any toy or game that has been designed with social interaction in mind can be considered as “interactive” [17]. In other words, the toy is interactive. Rodrigo Fernandes and Toshimasa Yamanaka (March 25th 2019). Unless due considerations are made, it is better to not establish roles during group games. We must also point that, if children are going to perform a group task after playing a game, they would need to be equally engaging. [23] developed a musical device which converts each person’s position into a single melodic note. More information about the procedures and evaluations can be found in [24, 25]. This chapter discussed differences and similarities between the “Interactive Design” and the “Design for Interactions” principles when applied to the development of new interactive/smart play tools for children. This definition is especially related to a two-way electronic communication system. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. Through observation, it was noted that, depending on the age, this leadership position led to authoritarian behavior in the design task, with the leader not giving an equal voice for all group members. In this definition, while technology is still important, it is not the main factor, acting instead as a supporter of children’s interactions. Other than difficulty, three aspects of the game may have influenced children’s behavior: (1) the assigned roles, (2) the game complexity, and (3) time length. Interaction scheme: the spheres influence each other, and each interaction generates different outcomes. Developed sketches were collected for evaluation, and self-reports were applied after the task. As examples, current studies are linking extended screen exposure to autistic-like symptoms, hyperactivity, and obesity rates [5, 6, 7]. Microinteractions: Designing with Details (Dan Saffer) “It’s the little things that turn a good digital … Different tablet applications for children (be they games, dedicate programs, or play kits) gives an array of engaging and playful possibilities at little development cost. UX Design is a Booming Industry. These findings suggested that cooperative games may benefit the social interaction of pupils within the classroom. Considering social studies findings, we defined the following elements as possible contributors to children’s social development, which should be aimed by interactive games: Existence of rules and attribution of specific roles, Restriction of individual power and resources, Challenging but achievable difficulty curve, Excitement and novelty levels of game experience, Focus on cooperativity rather than competitivity. Interaction design is in essence a methodology for producing visual representations of an online service that is to be used for early testing/proof-of-concept and later as specifications for designers and developers. About 36 participants aged 6–14 y/o joined this study. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. Represented by Figure 5, throughout three studies, three different group games were utilized as “ice-breaking” activities: (1) an interactive building block game where the goal was to build electronic circuits, (2) a buildable tower block game, where the goal was to connect blocks together into a single standing tower, and (3) an interactive dance game, where the goal was to replicate the dance moves displayed in the game screen. Interaction designers are more concerned about the intent of the user and how they can help them accomplish a task. The present chapter discusses the definitions, differences, and similarities between the “interactive design” and the “design for interaction” views when applied for children’s product. Help us write another book on this subject and reach those readers. Interaction design is an important component within the giant umbrella of user experience (UX) design. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. Introduction. The main difference between the definitions of a traditional and an interactive toy is the integration of technology to provide dynamic interactions [11, 12]. With studies having yet to find the extension of these effects, this remains as an important step to responsibly design new interactive play tools. Game simplicity, flexibility, and high engagement rate indicated to be the main contributive aspects of games to children’s posterior impressions and behavior in the group tasks. Children enjoy interacting with current technology and it would benefit their social interaction to utilize a medium which they can more easily engage. With tablets representing a big parcel of the play market, children today have become much more exposed to digital/screen media than previous generations. Interactive designers tend to think of the web as a series of branded moments that occur through a series of frames that a user clicks through. “Design for Interactions,” however, focuses on the social interactions a child can have with others when facilitated by different toys or artifacts. Interactive toy play interaction flowchart. Interactive toy can involve products such as interactive floors or walls with sensors that react when children touch them, or it could be individual portable products, such as shoes or balls with LED lights and sensors to motivate active play. In design for interaction, the artifact can act as a supporter for different social interactions. In this sense, this chapter definition of an interactive toy is of one who adopts different feedback technologies or devices to act as a mediating interface of real-time interactions between people. All toys can be considered interactive, but traditional toy interactions are mostly mechanical. In other words, the more difficult version of the game distressed participant’s cooperation, affective impressions, and outcomes of the subsequent design task. By looking at post effects of group games, Creighton and Szymkowiak [21] observed the classroom behavior of two groups of children after being submitted to different game conditions. In this context, the purpose of interac… While existing literature reinforce that physical games are more successful for positively coordinating group behavior [1, 29], the present studies cannot reach a definite conclusion about physical dancing games being more suitable for motivating cooperation than constructive block games. Roles were not assigned in this game session and each child had on average 20 connecting pieces to build into a single tower in under 10 minutes. Participants in the difficult game condition also reported the design task to be more difficult, indicated to designed fewer elements in their toy sketches, and were less aware of their group members’ feelings. The interaction designer is the person that should concern how this should happen. I first learned about Information Architecture back in 2008. However, differences between game conditions were not found at significant level. This interaction can be seen in Figure 2 below. As an example, Suzuki et al. We follow by comparing some performed studies where group games, mediated by different toys, were utilized to evaluate children’s task impressions and group behavior. Considering children’s sociability, a parallel field called “social game studies” seek to understand how different game elements can influence children’s social development [19]. Game session 1 indicated negative subsequent effects of the game stimuli on children’s task impressions and performance, while game sessions 2 and 3 indicated positive effects. The interaction design program at NID would focus on aspects of design and behaviour of various forms of digital products ranging from mobile, web based to dynamic ones in gaming, education, transportation, healthcare, banking, retail and other domains. Likewise, the word “design for interaction” also has a more expanded meaning than the word “interactive design,” involving not only the interactions between the user and the artifact but also the interactions that artifacts can foster between different people. Browsers and Monitors. Participants who displayed higher engagement were more likely to trust the group and share the reward. Disciplines such as social game studies consider the activity of play as an important way for children to understand their surroundings, communicate, and develop affection [1, 2]. The user provides an interaction that is detected and processed by the toy, which then converts into a feedback through different actuators, perpetuating the interaction. Designs for interaction could be: experiences that can only be felt when together with others. The overall recommendation is that, specially at young ages, screen time should be minimized at the same pace that active play time should be encouraged. Interactive playgrounds are integrating technology to promote more engaging ways for children to exercise and establish social relationships. Our readership spans scientists, professors, researchers, librarians, and students, as well as business professionals. Different methods of evaluating children’s impressions and cooperation were utilized between studies, limiting direct comparisons between the games’ effects. This week we will advance further into the world of UX design and explore the interaction types out there. However, a different observation in the test runs of the dance game sessions was that participant who could not select which song to play displayed less engagement with the task. In short, “Interactive Design” has a focus on the facilitated interactions between the toy and the child facilitated with the adoption of modern feedback technology. After performing one of the three game conditions, participants were submitted to a Reward Sharing Game. In their study, children played two different versions of a group game: (1) a digital version, where children interacted together through connected desktop computers, and (2) a physical version, where the game was projected in the wall and children could use their body to interact with together. Here comes interaction design, quoting Bill Verplank, interaction design is design for human use. Interaction design. The interaction design improve the user experience in the buying process, for example with a very simple form with few steps with the posibility of return to last step. The games were mediated in different moments by technological and traditional toys, but technology integration did not indicate to be the main influencing factor of children’s group interactions. Results indicated no difference between participants who played the easy group challenge and participants who did not play the group game. According to LaFreniere [30] and Piaget [31], dealing with these matters during natural free-play situations can help children to develop perspective taking and learn how to control their displayed emotions, better preparing them for possible conflicts in the future. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. It’s true that computers and Internet browsers evolve quickly, but don’t forget that consumers are slow to change. In both game conditions, there were participants who displayed high and participants who displayed lower engagement with the task. Differences were observed, however, between the difficult game challenge and the two other group conditions. Being that a new frontier, designers from all over the world are trying to develop new interactive toys that can bring unique experiences to the user. Further studies are necessary to investigate both immediate and longitudinal effects of specific game elements on children’s social development. 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