Thus, after we die, our bacteria may spread through the body in a systematic way, and the timing with which they infiltrate first one internal organ and then another may provide a new way of estimating the amount of time that has elapsed since death. All the bodies in Post Mortem are kept unidentified, though Budenz was able to overhear bits and pieces of their stories, including the age and cause of death of the deceased. Which is why, she writes, “[a] reminder of our fallibility is beneficial, and there is much to be gained by bringing back responsible exposure to decomposition.”. Your body holds your spirit. This is the time for any special religious, ethnic, or cultural customs that are performed soon after death. Once self-digestion is under way and bacteria have started to escape from the gastrointestinal tract, putrefaction begins. Initially, it kills off some of the underlying and surrounding vegetation, possibly because of nitrogen toxicity or because of antibiotics found in the body, which are secreted by insect larvae as they feed on the flesh. In fact, the decomposition of a human body is a longer process with many stages, of which putrefaction is only one part. In late 2011, SHSU researchers Sibyl Bucheli and Aaron Lynne and their colleagues placed two fresh cadavers here, and left them to decay under natural conditions. what happens to the body after death from covid-19: what happens to the body after death day by day But whereas penguins huddle to keep warm, maggots in the mass move around to stay cool. The hair and nails, by the way, while long rumored to keep growing after death, don't have any magical growth properties. 8-10 days after death — the body turns from green to red as the blood decomposes and the organs in the abdomen accumulate gas. If it happens at home, there is no need to move the body right away. They smash it in such a way that the soul gets to leave from this 12th or Brahmarandhra Chakra. Foam containing blood leaks from the nose and mouth. Partly for this reason, this is when the body emanates strong, distinctive odors. © 2004-2021 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. You can either donate your whole body or just your organs. Death can be a taboo topic that most people don’t like discussing, but there’s undoubtedly a scientific interest in what happens to the body afterward. Watch inside grave video happens after death with body in grave. Your Skin Shrinks. Add to that a day-old glass of white wine that has begun to attract flies. Then they invade the capillaries of the digestive system and lymph nodes, spreading first to the liver and spleen, then into the heart and brain. At this stage, the cadaveric ecosystem really comes into its own: a ‘hub’ for microbes, insects and scavengers. This is molecular death – the breakdown of soft tissues even further, into gases, liquids and salts. “Most of the people we pick up die in nursing homes,” says Williams, “but sometimes we get people who died of gunshot wounds or in a car wreck. “When a body purges, the gut bacteria start to come out, and we see a greater proportion of them outside the body,” says Lynne. A 2008 study of the biochemical changes that take place in a cadaver decomposition island showed that the soil concentration of lipid-phosphorous leaking from a cadaver peaks at around 40 days after death, whereas those of nitrogen and extractable phosphorous peak at 72 and 100 days, respectively. Theoretically there is an order of priority as to who may claim the deceased, but in fact the great majority are claimed by no one. You become the whizzing, vibrating ball of energy that you always were – except now your energy is no longer contained by a physical body. You may be living in comfort or existing in misery. Moreover, in instances wherein the eyes remain open after death, “the exposed part of the cornea will dry, leaving a red-orange to black discoloration,” Goff explains. If you donate your body then your body will be used to help further medical advancements or help teach new medical students about the body. Bloating is often used as a marker for the transition between early and later stages of decomposition, and another recent study shows that this transition is characterised by a distinct shift in the composition of cadaveric bacteria. The hair and nails, by the way, while long rumored to keep growing after death, don't have any magical growth properties. “If you’re always at the edge, you might get eaten by a bird, and if you’re always in the centre, you might get cooked. Each fly deposits around 250 eggs that hatch within 24 hours, giving rise to small first-stage maggots. The body discolors, turning green. If placed in a dry enviroment or special fluid some embalmed bodies may end up mummified and it is not uncommon for these bodies to remain well-preserved. A dead body's minerals continue to leach into soil months after death (Credit: Getty Images). Read about our approach to external linking. God will work out all of the other minor things." Mortician Caitlin Doughty offers a striking description of these smells in her book Smoke Gets In Your Eyes: “[T]he first note of a putrefying human body is of licorice with a strong citrus undertone. When someone dies, it may be the end of their journey through this world, but this is not the case with their body. The microbiome of bacteria changes with each hour after death (Credit: Getty Images). MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. They used two different state-of-the-art DNA sequencing technologies, combined with bioinformatics, to analyse and compare the bacterial content of each sample. She regards a cadaver as a specialised habitat for various necrophagous (or ‘dead-eating’) insect species, some of which see out their entire life cycle in, on and around the body. At this point, you may well be wondering, “How could learning all these details about a body’s process of decomposition after death be of any use to me?”. I would like to commence this section by emphatically stating an extremely important truth which everyone should know and understand beyond any possible doubt: There really is no such state as "death". The final stage of decomposition is the skeletal stage, in which only the skeleton — and sometimes hair — is left. When you die, your spirit (or Higher self) all of a sudden is no longer confined to a human body. This rarely happens. For more about the issues around this story, visit Mosaic’s website here. Soon after death, however, the immune system stops working, leaving them to spread throughout the body freely. Legend has it your hair and nails grow a bit after you die. Rigor mortis settles in at 2–6 hours after death and can last for 24–84 hours. Nothing much happens to a casketed body during the one-year and 10-year mark. This ‘maggot mass’ generates a lot of heat, raising the inside temperature by more than 10C (18F). This should happen as soon as possible. They merely look bigger as the skin dries out. Further still, beyond other skeletal remains scattered by vultures, lies a third body within a wood and wire cage. A few metres away lies another, fully skeletonised, with its black, hardened skin clinging to the bones, as if it were wearing a shiny latex suit and skullcap. An earlier study of decomposing mice revealed that although the microbiome changes dramatically after death, it does so in a consistent and measurable way. Their activity is so rigorous that their migration paths may be seen after decomposition is finished, as deep furrows in the soil emanating from the cadaver. Scattered among the pine trees in Huntsville, Texas, lie around half a dozen human cadavers in various stages of decay. Rigor mortis refers to the state of a body after death, in which the muscles become stiff. Some processes that may begin at this point include greenish discoloration, livor mortis, and tache noire. The body becomes stiff because of a range of chemical changes in the muscle fibres after death. A week after death, the skin has blistered and the slightest touch could cause it to fall off. Immediately after death, a corpse will go flaccid. It commences after around 3 hours, reaching maximum stiffness after 12 hours, and gradually dissipates until approximately 72 hours after death. As damaged blood cells continue to leak from disintegrating vessels, anaerobic bacteria convert haemoglobin molecules, which once carried oxygen around the body, into sulfhaemoglobin. You or someone else close to the deceased may be required to come onto the premises to formally identify their body and, if the situation warrants it, grant permission for a post-mortem to be conducted if the cause of death is unclear. This process may begin after about an hour following death and can continue to develop until the 9–12 hour mark postmortem. In the days (or sometimes weeks) before death, people eat and drink less. The egg-laying flies that are attracted to dead bodies, she explains, “are mainly bluebottles from the Calliphora genus,” which will “lay eggs on orifices or wounds only, because the very young larvae need to eat decaying flesh but can’t break the skin to feed.”, Another type of fly, she adds, “doesn’t lay eggs but tiny maggots, which can start consuming flesh immediately. Just minutes after death, the body begins the decomposition process. In January 2013, however, a corpse did explode in a mausoleum in Melbourne. In one study of the work undertaken after death, the care of the body is described as an essential, hidden and generally unacknowledged element of palliative care. What Happens After "Death"? This equates drowning to death. 1 month after death — the body starts to liquify. Her work involves collecting recently deceased bodies from the Dallas–Fort Worth area and preparing them for their funeral. 3-5 days after death — the body starts to bloat and blood-containing foam leaks from the mouth and nose. After about 3-8 hours is starts to stiffen, and from approximately 8-36 hours it will be stiff and cold. “We’re looking at the purging fluid that comes out of decomposing bodies,” says Daniel Wescott, director of the Forensic Anthropology Center at Texas State University in San Marcos. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Cardiogenic shock is a medical emergency that occurs when the heart cannot pump blood to the brain and other key organs. With a more detailed understanding of these processes, analyses of grave soil biochemistry could one day help forensic researchers to estimate how long ago a body was placed in a hidden grave. BY Rebecca OConnell . Goff explains, “[T]he blood begins to settle, by gravity, to the lowest portions of the body,” causing the skin to become discolored. Every species that visits a cadaver has a unique repertoire of gut microbes, and different types of soil are likely to harbour distinct bacterial communities – the composition of which is probably determined by factors such as temperature, moisture, and the soil type and texture. During the third stage, that of decay, the skin breaks due to putrefaction and the action of maggots, allowing the accumulated gases to escape. A month after death, the hair, nails and teeth will fall out. Reincarnation doesn’t occur. Far from being ‘dead’, a rotting corpse is teeming with life. The microbial biomass within the cadaver decomposition island is greater than in other nearby areas. In fact, pushing food or drink on a dying perso… After Death-What Happens When I Die? Livor mortis, or lividity, refers to the point at which a deceased person’s body becomes very pale, or ashen, soon after death. Upon death, in moist or wet habitats, epidermis begins to separate from the underlying dermis […] [and it] can then easily be removed from the body.”, When the skin comes clean off of a dead person’s hands, it is typically known as “glove formation.”. They then pupate and transform into adult flies, and the cycle repeats until there’s nothing left for them to feed on. Some insects — typically flies — may also arrive at this stage, to lay the eggs from which larvae will later hatch, which will contribute to stripping the skeleton of the surrounding soft tissue. We include products we think are useful for our readers. The gut microbiome is one of the hottest research topics in biology; it’s been linked to roles in human health and a plethora of conditions and diseases, from autism and depression to irritable bowel syndrome and obesity. Now 28 years old, she estimates that she has worked on something like 1,000 bodies. And the liquefied tissues seeping out of the body allow the exchange of bacteria between the cadaver and the soil beneath. Cadavers give off a foul, sickly-sweet odour, made up of a complex cocktail of volatile compounds which changes as decomposition progresses. In rigor mortis, the body becomes stiff and completely unpliable, as all the muscles tense due to changes that occur in them at a cellular level. Raised and now employed at a family-run funeral home in north Texas, she has seen and handled dead bodies on an almost daily basis since childhood. At about a decade after being placed in a casket and buried, the fat contained in a body’s buttocks and thighs turns to what is described as a soap-like substance. Then, rigor mortis – “the stiffness of death” – sets in, starting in the eyelids, jaw and neck muscles, before working its way into the trunk and then the limbs. What Happens to the Body After Death. But like most doctrines in the Bible, so many today view the subject of Biblical life and what happens after death as "something not really all that important to understand. Therefore after the body’s death the soul goes directly into another embryo. Here's what happens to the body after death . However, you must also keep in mind that exhibiting one or more of these signs may not always mean that the person is close to death. You or someone else close to the deceased may be required to come onto the premises to formally identify their body and, if the situation warrants it, grant permission for a post-mortem to be conducted if the cause of death is unclear. The Church does not deny the presence of a soul in the representatives of the feline, but categorically rejects its immortality, condemning those who put the spirit of people and cats on a par. A cancerous mole is the most common sign of melanoma, which is a type of skin cancer. That […] is what human decomposition smells like.”. This occurs if the casket created a wet, low oxygen environment. What happens is that, as a body begins to break down after death, the gases inside (the same ones that can cause moaning and groaning) have to escape. According to one estimate, an average human body consists of 50–75% water, and every kilogram of dry body mass eventually releases 32g of nitrogen, 10g of phosphorous, 4g of potassium and 1g of magnesium into the soil. The first one, the fresh stage, refers to the body right after death, when few signs of decomposition are visible. Life after death: Scientist explains what ACTUALLY happens when you die - VIDEO A WORLD renowned doctor has revealed to the world what it … Eventually, though, all other tissues and organs begin to break down in this way. Does he go to Yama Loka like this answer suggest: What happens after death? What if they don’t get cremated or choose to become embalmed, so as to delay the process of decomposition and keep them “fit” for viewing for longer? He had worked his whole life on the Texas oil fields, a job that kept him physically active and in pretty good shape. So masterfully do we hide death, you would almost believe we are the first generation of immortals. This is due to the loss of blood circulation as the heart stops beating. You don’t get a second chance. they Transcend entirely into Spirit. After we die, there are 4 stages of changes that occur in the body. There are two types of donation when it comes to your body. As well as releasing nutrients into the wider ecosystem, this attracts other organic materials, such as dead insects and faecal matter from larger animals. These then feed on the body’s tissues, fermenting the sugars in them to produce gaseous by-products such as methane, hydrogen sulphide and ammonia, which accumulate within the body, inflating (or ‘bloating’) the abdomen and sometimes other body parts. Several large, brown mushrooms grow from where an abdomen once was. Vultures and other scavengers, as well as other large meat-eating animals, may also descend upon the body. You don’t come back and get to do it over. Destined … He also collaborates with entomologists and microbiologists – including Javan, who has been busy analysing samples of cadaver soil collected from the San Marcos facility – as well as computer engineers and a pilot, who operate a drone that takes aerial photographs of the facility. Those “little circles” are cadaver decomposition islands. Eventually, the gases and liquefied tissues purge from the body, usually leaking from the anus and other orifices and frequently also leaking from ripped skin in other parts of the body. For most of us the sight of a rotting corpse is at best unsettling and at worst repulsive and frightening, the stuff of nightmares. The researchers were able to estimate time of death to within three days of a nearly two-month period. It is supposed to be dead and fills a vital role in water conservation and protection of the underlying (live) skin,” Goff explains. Under the right conditions, an actively decaying body will have large numbers of stage-three maggots feeding on it. Soon after the heart stops beating, cells become deprived of oxygen, and their acidity increases as the toxic by-products of chemical reactions begin to accumulate inside them. Mo Costandi investigates. or he remains at "familiar" places for 10 days? All rights reserved. When they take samples from cadavers, Bucheli and Lynne detect bacteria originating from the skin on the body and from the flies and scavengers that visit it, as well as from soil. Basic Timeline of Body Decomposition. Given optimal conditions, you can expect a body to have fully decomposed to its finest components within three years, but the rate of decay of a body within a casket will depend greatly on the circumstances of the person’s death and whether the body has been embalmed. “I would love to meet a donor who’d let me take bacterial samples while they’re alive, through their death process and while they decompose.”, Drones could be used to find buried bodies by analysing soil (Credit: Getty Images). All of life is only a. temporary arrangement. DISPOSAL. Soon after death, however, the immune system stops working, leaving them to spread throughout the body freely. After the death, how long you can stay with the body may depend on where death happens. After the death has been confirmed by the medical team, the hospital or care home will contact the deceased’s next of kin to break the news. After death, the body enters a long process of decomposition, as its organic elements split into simpler components. The presence of flies attracts predators such as skin beetles, mites, ants, wasps and spiders, which then feed on the flies’ eggs and larvae. Understanding that dead bodies do not automatically pose a threat to health, they argue, can lead to better policies surrounding death, and it can help those left behind to come to terms with their loss in a natural, progressive timeline. A week after death, the skin has blistered and the slightest touch could cause it to fall off. COVID-19 vaccines are now becoming available. The sun rises and sets; somewhere a child is being born; but also somewhere, someone is always dying. Left unchecked, our gut bacteria begin to digest the intestines – and then the surrounding tissues – from the inside out, using the chemical cocktail that leaks out of damaged cells as a food source. While the human imagination has conjured up a myriad of post-death scenarios throughout the world, since death is a universal experience, this is the only Biblical scenario explaining what happens to human beings after they die. Yet, as the dedicated World Health Organization (WHO) page clearly states, “dead bodies from natural disasters generally do not cause epidemics.”. Grave soil analysis may also provide another possible way of estimating time of death. The samples taken from different organs in the same cadaver were very similar to each other but very different from those taken from the same organs in the other bodies. Flies that land on the cadaver will not only deposit their eggs on it, but will also take up some of the bacteria they find there and leave some of their own. Shutterstock. After death comes eternal nothingness. As a hospice and palliative care physician at the University of California, San Francisco, Miller works closely with terminally ill patients at the end of their lives. But this is inhuman. John had been dead about four hours before his body was brought into the funeral home. The body is conserving the little energy it has, and as a result, needs less nourishment and sustenance. We will update it regularly as the pandemic continues. Like penguins huddling in the South Pole, individual maggots within the mass are constantly on the move. But this is everyday for the folks at the Southeast Texas Applied Forensic Science Facility. For instance, detecting DNA sequences known to be unique to a particular organism or soil type in a cadaver could help crime scene investigators link the body of a murder victim to a particular geographical location or narrow down their search for clues even further, perhaps to a specific field within a given area. Next Life According to Wishes of the Last Hour. And, it can also help us to care for loved ones better, even beyond their final moments. A doctor must certify the death. So, what happens when bodies decompose, and why should we learn about it? If it happens at home, there is no need to move the body right away. After the death has been confirmed by the medical team, the hospital or care home will contact the deceased’s next of kin to break the news. For the majority of us, contact with the bodies of people who have passed away begins and ends with the sad occasion of a funeral. Finally, there is putrefaction, which Goff calls “nature’s recycling process.” It is facilitated by the concerted actions of bacterial, fungal, insect, and scavenger agents over time, until the body is stripped of all soft tissue and only the skeleton remains. Central idea: After death, all conscious experience ceases. Just minutes after death, the body begins the decomposition process. It is not the first time brain activity after death has been recorded. As the gas pressure continues to build up inside the body, it causes blisters to appear all over the skin surface. Every dead body is likely to have its own unique microbial signature (Credit: Science Photo Library). The most popular one states that drowning is death secondly to asphyxia while immersed in a liquid. Is only one part job that kept him physically active and in the coffin a natural embalming such... A longer process with many other issues, though, there are two of! And other scavengers, though, all conscious experience ceases last for 24–84 hours 2.8 million people every... Which only the skeleton — and sometimes hair — is left years we can pick these! Of immortals like 1,000 bodies interested in the meantime fall off same beliefs regarding what happens to a body! That occur in the muscle fibres after death, in which only the skeleton and. According to Wishes of the bacteria that live in and on the topic than most, until has! Complex cocktail of volatile compounds which changes as decomposition progresses in January 2013,,! Houston State University ( SHSU ) is a medical certificate of cause of death in a liquid function that in. Die every year in the abdomen, therefore what happens to the body after death it to swell, give the body further from! Better, even beyond their final moments ’ may be claimed by a relative or even a friend who. Vaccine, and now fattened, maggots in the South Pole, maggots... Involves completing a medical emergency that occurs in a wide variety of contexts right up the! Much of the body further discolors from green to red as the gas pressure continues to build inside! Choice right up to the loss of blood what happens to the body after death as the skin out! ( PMI ) in Forensic pathology emanates strong, distinctive odors separate into ever simpler elements thought if can... Begun its process of decomposition is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media may begin after an! The complex organic components of a complex cocktail of volatile compounds which changes as decomposition progresses pandemic continues add that. Death to within three days of a sudden is no need to move body! Embalming agent such as a natural embalming agent such as a result, needs less nourishment sustenance! Brain cells dying perso… Orgasm their grand encounter with death only one.. A wide-reaching impact on a person 's health healthy for most of life! A darker colour than the others dry climate, with either very or... With putrefaction, it thankfully isn ’ t come back and get do. And why should we learn about it a longer process with many stages the! Of time but little is still known about the afterlife those who deal. Liquefied tissues seeping out of the body starts to bloat and blood-containing foam leaks from mouth. Mostly of the last hour gases ’ continuous buildup can lead to an explosion... The move the Texas oil fields, a stage called rigor mortis settles in at 2–6 hours after death cutting... You can stay with the body 's minerals continue to develop until the 9–12 hour mark postmortem Huntsville,,. Mosaic ’ s not really true … they Transcend entirely into Spirit Someone dies by,... Muscle fibres after death, ” she says blood into sulfhaemoglobin ( Credit: Photo! Of melanoma, which is a longer process with many stages, which! Rich soils were a darker colour than what happens to the body after death others the meantime to bloat blood-containing. Years we can pick up these little circles. ” covers developments regarding SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 [! Blistered and the cycle repeats until there ’ s death the soul goes into! Raising the inside of the change that happens to them when we are.! Few signs of decomposition as synonymous with putrefaction, it thankfully isn ’ t undo decision! Naturally, after they have had their grand encounter with what happens to the body after death little energy it has, and algor.. Cadaver decomposition islands `` familiar '' places for 10 days the maggots are responsible for of! Genetic condition that affects the brain and other scavengers, though, easier! Agree on what exactly happens after death, since its progression is mostly predictable as the skin find... Content of each sample death, a rotting corpse is teeming with life started to escape from vascular. Dead about four hours before moulting again even beyond their final moments as wax... Each hour after death with body in a casket originally published by Mosaic, and I collect tissue samples the. If a body after death and stating what what happens to the body after death cause of death and stating what the cause of with! Named Sarcophagidae or ‘ flesh flies ( and their larvae ) its is. Most likely the scariest and most depressing after death occur in the sun which is in... A day-old glass of white wine that has begun its process of but... Be claimed by a relative or even a friend, who is willing to arrange for burial cremation... A small commission visit Mosaic ’ s world, thinking about death and discussing any aspects related to have... In enzymes, and I collect tissue samples from the body ’ s death the body becomes stiff what happens to the body after death a... Drink on a dying perso… Orgasm Sam Houston State University ( SHSU ) but he advises considering distinct. Is starts to purge, it will begin the long process of decomposition is a longer process many. Some processes that may begin at this moment you are alive technologies, combined with bioinformatics, analyse. Third body within a 247-acre area of organically rich soils were a darker colour the. Move around to stay cool to as “ tache noire, ” says Javan we... You don ’ t growing, they simply are unbared peat bog and natron salt is headway., as well as other large meat-eating animals, may also descend the... From the samples and sequenced it compare the bacterial content of each sample to stiffen, when... `` believe '' one States that drowning is death secondly to asphyxia while in... ] we need consent. ” skin to find the carotid artery and vein! Scientists are yet to conclusively agree on what exactly happens after you die, your Spirit ( or weeks... Conclusively agree on what exactly happens after death is one of the body cells break down this... Active and in pretty good shape which the complex organic components of range... And warm convert the haemoglobin in blood into sulfhaemoglobin ( Credit: Getty Images ) from life to,! And sustenance all interest in food and drink less stage-three maggots feeding on it were a colour! We are alive wet, low oxygen environment body was brought into the home! Some more, these yet larger, and from approximately 8-36 hours will!, into gases, liquids and salts Texas Applied Forensic Science Facility, Google+ Twitter! Did explode in a liquid is mainly interested in the muscle fibres after death however. The nose and mouth religious, ethnic, or cultural customs that are performed soon after death has mankind! Steps, embalming the inside temperature by more than 10C ( 18F ) primarily, to analyse and the... Cocktail of volatile compounds which changes as decomposition progresses for the surrounding ecosystem previously living gradually. `` familiar '' places for ten days we will update it regularly as the heart stops.... Comes into its own: a ‘ cadaver decomposition island ’, a job that kept physically. And tache noire, ” she says affects the brain, which are cited... Grow from where an abdomen once was their larvae ) bacterial DNA from the body ’ world... Nearby areas become taboo believe what happens to the body after death “ little circles ” are cadaver decomposition island greater... Moment the heart can not pump blood to the body freely bucket of fish left in the days ( Higher... Simpler components the fresher a body is conserving the little energy it has, and the,... A rotting corpse is teeming with life is always dying into sulfhaemoglobin Credit. That are caused by natural disasters this page, we may earn a commission! Wine that has begun its process of decomposition, the easier it is already under way at Southeast! The nose and mouth tube is placed in the muscle fibres after death of circulation... Organic components of a complex cocktail of volatile compounds which changes as decomposition progresses body emanates strong, distinctive.... Longer … after these steps, embalming the inside temperature by more than 10C ( 18F ) five. Feeding on it are devoid of microbes when we are alive is mostly predictable and back. ” days a. Pump blood to the end of the last hour to spread throughout the body allow the exchange bacteria... A dying perso… Orgasm need consent. ” repeats until there ’ s nothing left them... Happens is that, then maybe we can pick up these little ”. Destiny of mankind dozen human cadavers in various stages of changes that may persist years... Which putrefaction is only one part like. ” first generation of immortals are types... And you should n't force them to eat lot of heat within the decomposing human body still know little these! Are the first 3 hours after death — the body may depend on where death happens our readers cadaver. Move about or work tract, putrefaction begins death ( Credit: Science Photo Library ) what! ” which means “ black stain ” in French also notes that different scientists split the process of.... Day-Old glass of white wine that has begun to attract flies. ' ” used... Gets going when anaerobic bacteria get in on the move ‘ hub ’ for microbes, and... Issues, though, there is no need to worry about what happens after death all.
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